Why is Warfarin prescribed?
Ischaemic stroke may occur because of blood clots forming in the arteries of the brain, or forming in the heart and then escaping into the arteries of the brain. Warfarin is an anticoagulant. It decreases the ability of the blood to clot. It therefore helps prevent harmful clots from forming in the blood vessels or heart. It is usually taken once a day. While in the hospital, you may be given Heparin by injection for a few days – Heparin is an oral anticoagulant that is often used while waiting for the dose of oral warfarin to be stabilised.
为什么要服用华法林？
由于大脑血管中血凝块的形成或者心脏中的血凝块流入大脑，缺血性脑中风就可能发生。华法林是一种抗凝血药，它降低了血液形成血凝块的能力。因此，它能预防血管中或心脏中有害血凝块的形成。它常常是每天服用一次。当您在医院的时候，您可能有几天会被注射肝素。肝素是一种口服抗凝血药，常常用于在等待口服华法林剂量稳定之前。
What SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS should I follow while using Warfarin?
Take only the amount of Warfarin ordered by your doctor. Do not take more or less or it, unless ordered by your doctor. This is especially important for elderly patients who are very sensitive to the effects of Warfarin.
If you are going for a surgical operation, including any dental procedures, please inform your doctor as Warfarin may need to be stopped before that procedure to prevent excessive bleeding. The medicine may be restarted by your doctor after the procedure when appropriate.
A blood test must be taken regularly to see how fast your blood is clotting. This will help your doctor decide on the correct amount of warfarin you should be taking each day. Be sure that you do not miss any appointments for these tests.
Take Warfarin at the same time each day.
在服用华法林时，我应该遵循什么特殊的事项？
请只服用医生规定的华法林剂量。不要多服或少服华法林，除非是医生的决定。这对于老年病人尤其重要，因为他们对华法林的作用很敏感。
如果您要手术（包括牙科手术），请告知您的医生，因为华法林有可能需要在手术前停用以防止过度出血。在手术之后，医生会在适当的时候重新让您服用华法林。
医生会对您进行定期的抽血检查，以监控您的血液的凝结速度。这个检查有助于医生决定您目前需要服用的华法林剂量。请务必不要忘记这些抽血检查的预约时间。
请每天在相同的时间服用华法林。
What should I do if I FORGET to take a dose?
If you miss a dose of Warfarin, take it as soon as you remember. Then go back to your regular dosing schedule.
If you do not remember until the next day, do not take the missed dose at all and do not double the next one. Doubling the dose may cause bleeding. Instead, go back to your regular dosing schedule.
To avoid mistakes, it is recommended that you keep a record of each dose as you take it.
Remember to give your doctor a record of any doses you missed as these may affect your blood test results.
如果漏服一次，我应该怎么做？
如果您漏服一次华法林，请在记起后赶紧补服一次，然后回到您之前的服药安排中。如果您在第二天才记起，请不要再补服，也不要服用双倍的剂量。服用双倍的剂量可能会导致出血。在这种情况下，请回到您之前的服药安排中。
为了避免记错，我们建议您在每次服用华法林后做一个记录。
请记住给您的医生一个您漏服华法林的记录，因为这可能会影响您抽血检查的结果。
What PRECAUTIONS should I follow while using Warfarin?
Tell all your doctors, dentists, nurses and pharmacists you go to, that you are taking warfarin.
Check with your doctor or pharmacist before you start or stop taking any other medication. This includes any non-prescription (over the counter) medications and supplements. Many medications change the way Warfarin works and therefore its dosage may need to be changed.
Avoid sports or activities that may cause you to be injured. Report to your doctor any falls, blows to your body or head, or other injuries, since serious internal bedding may happen without you knowing it.
Be careful to avoid cutting yourself. This includes taking special care in brushing your teeth and in shaving. Use a soft toothbrush and floss gently. It i best to use an electric shaver rather than a blade.
Drinking too much alcohol may change the way Warfarin works. Avoid alcohol. If you must drink, take no more than a drink at anytime /day.
Women who are pregnant or breast feeding should inform their doctor. If you become pregnant while taking Warfarin, let your doctor know without delay.
Do not change to a different brand name Warfarin product because it may have different effects.
After you have stopped taking Warfarin your body will ned time to recover before your blood clotting ability returns to normal. This may take one week or more (your pharmacist or doctor can tell you how long this will take.) Follow the same precautions during this period of time as you did while you were taking Warfarin.
在服用华法林时， 我应该注意什么事项？
请把您在服用华法林的信息告诉您的医生、牙医、护士和药剂师。
请在您开始服用或停用任何药物时，与您的医生或药剂师进行确认。这些药物包括非处方药和补品。许多药物会影响华法林的作用，因此有可能需要调整华法林的剂量。
请避免那些可能让您受伤的运动或活动。请告知您的医生如果有摔倒、头部或身体有被击打，因为在您不知道的情况下也会出现严重的内出血。
请注意不要割伤自己。这包括您在刷牙和剃须的时候也要格外小心。请使用柔软的牙刷并轻柔地用牙线清理牙齿。最好使用电动剃须刀而不是剃须刀片。
饮用太多的酒精可能会影响华法林的作用。请尽量不要饮酒。如果您一定要饮酒，请每天不要饮用多于一杯。
怀孕或是哺乳期的妇女应该告知她们的医生。如果您在服用华法林时怀孕，请及时告知您的医生。
请不要随意换成另外一个品牌的华法林，因为不同的华法林产品可能会有不同的效果。
在停用华法林以后，您的身体需要一定的时间使您的凝血功能恢复正常。这可能需要一星期或以上（您的医生或药剂师会告诉需要多少时间）。在这段时间内，您需要遵循和在服用期间相同的注意事项。
What SIDE effects can Warfarin Cause? What Can I do about them?
Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:
– Toes turn blue or purple
– Pain in the toes
– Blood in the Urine
– Cloudy or Dark Urine
– Bloody or black sticky stools
– Bruising or purplish areas on the skin
– Bleedings from gums when brushing teeth
– Coughing up blood
– Vomiting blood or material that looks like coffee grounds
– Nosebleeds
– Unusually heavy bleeding or oozing from cuts or wounds
– Unusually heavy or unexpected menstrual bleeding
– Abdominal or stomach pain or swelling
– Dizziness
– Back Pain or Backaches
华法林有什么副作用？对于副作用，我应该怎么做？
如果您有以下副作用，请立即与您的医生联系：
– 脚趾变蓝或变紫
– 脚趾疼痛
– 尿中有血
– 混浊或黑色的尿液
– 血性或黑色粘性大便
– 皮肤中出现瘀斑或青紫
– 刷牙时牙龈出血
– 咳嗽出血
– 呕血或是呕吐咖啡渣样物
– 鼻出血
– 伤口不寻常的大量出血或渗出
– 不寻常的月经大量出血
– 腹部或胃部疼痛肿胀
– 头晕
– 背部疼痛
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