In order to reduce the risk of stroke or transient ischaemic attack, it is important to modify your current diet regiment. Diet high in fruits, vegetables, low-fat diary products, dietary and soluble fibre, whole grains and protein from plant sources and low in saturated and trans fats and low in cholesterol (<200mg daily for patients at increased vascular risk) and low in sodium are beneficial. Other studies have recommended a Mediterranean-type diet, which is high in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, fish, nuts and olive oil.
为了降低中风或短暂性脑缺血发作的风险，调整您的饮食是非常重要的。请多食用水果、蔬菜、低脂乳品、膳食纤维、全麦和植物蛋白；少食用饱和脂肪和反式脂肪、胆固醇（对于高血管疾病风险的患者应该低于200毫克）和高盐食物。有些研究推荐地中海型饮食，这类饮食含有较高的蔬菜、水果、全麦、鱼类、坚果和橄榄油。
For patients with stroke and high blood pressure, it is recommended to have a daily sodium intake from all sources to be less than 2000mg per day.
对于患有中风和高血压的病人， 我们建议每日所有的钠摄入量应小于2000毫克。
对于患有中风或短暂性脑缺血发作的病人， 我们建议停止吸烟。
对于酒精的作用，值得注意的是过度的酒精摄入会增加脑缺血和颅内出血的风险。
我们建议有中风病史的肥胖病人进行减肥。
For patients with stroke or transient ischaemic attacks, smoking cessation is recommended.
With regards to alcohol, it is important to note that excessive alcohol intake would increase the risk of ischemic and intracranial hemorrhage.
Patients who are overweight with a past history of stroke are recommended to reduce their weight.
In addition, physical activities have been found to be protective against stroke. Patients who are able to exercise should take part in moderate intensity physical exercise for most days of the week. The recommended time duration is for at least 30 minutes.
另外，身体锻炼被认为是预防中风的有效因素。那些能够锻炼的病人应该每周使用较多的天数进行中度的身体锻炼。建议的锻炼时间是30分钟以上。
Reference: The above has been adapted from: Stroke and Transient Ischaemic attacks: Assessment, Investigation, Immediate, Management and Secondary Prevention. MOH Clinical Practice Guidelines 2/2009.
Reference: Executive Summary: Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack. AHA/ASA Guidelines. Stroke July 2014.
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