Author: masteringpsychiatry

A target blood pressure of less than 130/80 would be appropriate for patients with heart disease who have already experienced a stroke, heart attack or mini stroke (transient ischemic attack), or who have other cardiovascular conditions, such as narrowing of their leg arteries or abdominal aneurysm or diabetes.

对于已经有中风、心脏病发作或短暂性脑缺血的心脏病患者或是有其他心血管疾病（比如腿部血管狭窄、腹部动脉瘤或糖尿病）的病人，合适的血压是控制在130/80以下。

For normal individuals, a blood pressure target of less than 140/90 is appropriate in order to minimize the risk of heart attacks as well as strokes.

对于正常人，合适的血压是控制在140/90以下。这是为了降低心脏病发作和中风的风险。

We recommend twice daily monitoring of blood pressure for patients who have had stroke. Please make an effort to log down your daily blood pressure and bring it to your doctor during your next consultation.

对于已经有中风的病人，我们建议每天测量血压两次。请努力记录下您每天的血压，然后在下次复诊的时候告诉您的医生。

If there are no contraindications, your doctor will want to start you on a lipid-lowering medication after your stroke. It is also routine for your doctor to monitor your lipid levels through a blood test.

如果没有禁忌证，医生会在您中风之后给您服用降血脂的药物。医生也会常规检查您的血脂水平。

Lipid lowering medications (such as statin) are routinely prescribed as secondary prevention to patients who have had a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack. The aim is to achieve an LDL cholesterol of less than 2.0 mmol/L or at least a 50% reduction in the LDL cholesterol from baseline. Your doctor would help you with this monitoring. Please remember to take your prescribed medications regularly. Let you doctor know if you have abdominal pains, your skin becomes yellow or you have muscular aches. (these are the most common side effects although there are others)

降血脂的药物（比如他汀类）是常规的二级预防药物，它会被用于有中风或短暂性脑缺血病史的患者中。目标是使低密度脂蛋白胆固醇小于2mmol/L，或是使低密度脂蛋白胆固醇比基准水平降低50%。医生会帮您监控这些指标。请记住准时服用您的药物。请告知您的医生，如果您有腹痛、您的皮肤发黄或是肌肉酸痛（虽然有其他副作用，但这些是最常见的）。

If you have had a stroke and have been diagnosed with diabetes previously, your doctor might adjust your diabetic medications, so as to help you better control your diabetes. The aim is to achieve a glycated hemoglobin (also commonly known as HBA1C) of less than 7.0%, this indicates good diabetes control and will reduce the risk of eye, nerve, kidney damage as well as stroke and heart attacks.

如果您患了中风而之前又有糖尿病，医生可能会调整糖尿病药物，以更好的控制您的血糖。目标是控制您的糖化血红蛋白低于7.0%。低于7.0%表明您的血糖控制良好，并会降低眼、神经、肾脏损伤的风险以及中风和心脏病的风险。

If you are monitoring your glucose levels yourself at home, in order to achieve a HBA1C of less than 7.0%,

• The fasting glucose or preprandial plasma glucose level should be between 4.0 to 7.0 mmol/L
• The two hour postprandial plasma glucose level should be 5.0 to 10.0 mmol/l.

Please consult and discuss with your doctor if you are unsure, your doctor should have advised you on your medication and what to do if your blood sugar is low.

如果为了使糖化血红蛋白低于7.0%，您想在家监控血糖，那么：

空腹血糖或餐前血糖应当在4.0到7.0mmol/L。

餐后2小时血糖应在5.0到10.0mmol/L

请咨询医生如果您不是很确定，医生应该将关于您的药物的建议告诉您，并告知您在血糖偏低时如何进行处理。

In order to reduce the risk of stroke or transient ischaemic attack, it is important to modify your current diet regiment. Diet high in fruits, vegetables, low-fat diary products, dietary and soluble fibre, whole grains and protein from plant sources and low in saturated and trans fats and low in cholesterol (<200mg daily for patients at increased vascular risk) and low in sodium are beneficial. Other studies have recommended a Mediterranean-type diet, which is high in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, fish, nuts and olive oil.

为了降低中风或短暂性脑缺血发作的风险，调整您的饮食是非常重要的。请多食用水果、蔬菜、低脂乳品、膳食纤维、全麦和植物蛋白；少食用饱和脂肪和反式脂肪、胆固醇（对于高血管疾病风险的患者应该低于200毫克）和高盐食物。有些研究推荐地中海型饮食，这类饮食含有较高的蔬菜、水果、全麦、鱼类、坚果和橄榄油。

For patients with stroke and high blood pressure, it is recommended to have a daily sodium intake from all sources to be less than 2000mg per day.

对于患有中风和高血压的病人， 我们建议每日所有的钠摄入量应小于2000毫克。

对于患有中风或短暂性脑缺血发作的病人， 我们建议停止吸烟。

对于酒精的作用，值得注意的是过度的酒精摄入会增加脑缺血和颅内出血的风险。

我们建议有中风病史的肥胖病人进行减肥。

For patients with stroke or transient ischaemic attacks, smoking cessation is recommended.

With regards to alcohol, it is important to note that excessive alcohol intake would increase the risk of ischemic and intracranial hemorrhage.

Patients who are overweight with a past history of stroke are recommended to reduce their weight.

In addition, physical activities have been found to be protective against stroke. Patients who are able to exercise should take part in moderate intensity physical exercise for most days of the week. The recommended time duration is for at least 30 minutes.

另外，身体锻炼被认为是预防中风的有效因素。那些能够锻炼的病人应该每周使用较多的天数进行中度的身体锻炼。建议的锻炼时间是30分钟以上。

Reference: The above has been adapted from: Stroke and Transient Ischaemic attacks: Assessment, Investigation, Immediate, Management and Secondary Prevention. MOH Clinical Practice Guidelines 2/2009.

Reference: Executive Summary: Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack. AHA/ASA Guidelines. Stroke July 2014.

Adjusting to stroke is not easy. You might have experienced some of the following emotions.

对于中风的心理调整并不容易。您可能会经历以下一些情感阶段。

Typical emotional stages that patients diagnosed with stroke undergo:

被诊断为中风的病人经历的典型情感阶段包括：

1. Initial shock

When first diagnosed, it is not uncommon for patients to ask questions like “why me?” and “what is happening?” This should be seen as a normal reaction to a major illness.

1. 起初的震惊

当第一次被诊断中风时，病人常常会问“为什么是我？”和“发生了什么事？”之类的问题。这应该被认为是对于一个重大疾病的正常反应。

2.Fear of the unknown

Very commonly, patients are fearful of both the short-term and long-term outlook and the effects of stroke on their lifestyle. This is also not uncommon.

2. 对未知的恐惧

病人常常会害怕中风的短期和长期预后和中风对生活的影响，这是常见的现象。

3. Denial

The reality of stroke is harsh. It may be difficult to absorb the full impact of the diagnosis. It is very common that in the initial stages, patients might deny what has happened. Time is thus needed for patients to come to terms with the illness.

3. 否认

中风的现实是残酷的。让病人完全接受这个诊断的影响是困难的。在最初的阶段，病人常常否认已经发生的事情。因此，病人需要时间来接受这个疾病。

4. Anger

Anger is a natural and predictable reaction to loss and an attempt to overcome it. It is a result of partially accepting the fact about the onset of a severe illness, the loss of functional ability, and the loss of significant roles. It may be displayed and randomly projected into the environment

It is important that the patient and his caregiver recognize that this is one of the common stages patients might experience.

If it is not properly addressed and handled, it may result in chronic anger. When the patient is unable to express anger at anyone, it might be turned inwards towards himself.

4. 愤怒

愤怒是对损失和对抗损失的一个自然和可见的反应。这是对严重疾病的发生、身体功能的丧失、重要地位的丢失这些事实的部分接受。病人可能会随机地对周围的人或物表达愤怒。重要的一点是病人和他的照顾者能够认识到这是病人要经历的一个常见阶段。

如果处理不当，这可能会发展成慢性愤怒。当病人不能向外界表达他的愤怒时，他可能把愤怒转向自己。

5. Stress and anxiety

Fear and anger about the stroke condition increase the patient’s emotional stress and raise his level of anxiety. This can cause a wide range of physical symptoms such as faster heart rate, increased blood pressure, headaches, muscle pains, loss of appetite etc

5. 压力和焦虑

对于中风的恐惧和愤怒增加了病人的情绪压力和焦虑水平。这可能导致一系列躯体症状，包括心跳变快、血压增高、头痛、肌肉酸痛、食欲下降等。

6. Depression

It is not uncommon for the patient to feel depressed and unhappy after a stroke. He mourns and grieves over what he has lost. He becomes more reserved, withdrawn, moody, teary, quick tempered or may even appear unreasonable. There are some stroke patients who cry easily due to emotional lability. This is a normal psychological reaction to a sudden severe illness.

6. 抑郁

在中风之后， 病人常常会感到抑郁和不开心。病人会为他的损失忧伤。病人会变得更加保守、孤僻、情绪化、易流泪、易发脾气或是更加不可理喻。有些中风病人因为情绪的不稳定很容易就哭泣。这是对于突如其来的重大疾病的一个正常心理反应

7. Bargaining phase

Simple everyday activities like walking, dressing, feeding might be major challenges for the stroke patients. It is not uncommon for patients to bargain with healthcare professionals and caregiver.

7. 商议阶段

简单的日常活动（包括散步、穿衣、饮食）可能会成为中风病人的一大挑战。病人常常会和医疗专业人士和照料者进行商议。

8. Acceptance

Acceptance would happen only when the patient has worked through the variius feelings involved (Stages 1 to 7) and has come to terms to the illness and has learnt how to cope.

8. 接受

只要当病人经历了以上的7个情感阶段，病人才会接受这个疾病并学会如何应对这个疾病。

It is important for you to recognize these emotions and let your caregiver and doctor know how you are feeling during your routine follow-up appointments. Your doctor might provide you with the necessary counseling or refer you to other healthcare professionals to help you with the emotional distress that you are undergoing.

You could help yourself by setting appropriate goals. Work with your caregiver on this. Setting goals gives you something to strive for. Goals give you a sense of control and make you focus on what you want to achieve. Make plans for the future, for next week, for next year. Look beyond your treatment to what you want to do when you are well again.

It is important for you to recognize that the best way to get well from stroke is through the support and care by your loved ones, and jointly working together to improve every ability that remains.

Remember, you don’t have to face your problems all by yourself.

重要的一点是，您能认识这些情感阶段并告诉您的照顾者和医生您在常规随访中的心理感受。医生可能会提供必要的心理咨询或是让其他的医疗专家一起帮您解决您的情感苦恼。

您可以通过设定特定目标的方法帮助自己，这可能需要和您的照顾者共同努力。设定目标让您有了努力的方向。目标让您有了控制的感觉并能让你专注于您想要的东西。请为未来、下周和明年制定计划。请多想想在康复后您想要做什么事情。

重要的一点是，您要认识到康复的最好办法是通过亲人的支持和关心，以及共同努力提高每一项您尚存的能力。

请记住，您没有必要一个人面对您的问题。

Like aspirin, it lessens the chance of a harmful blood clot forming by preventing the platelets from clumping together. Ticlopidine is usually taken twice a day, but clopidogrel once a day.

和阿司匹林相似，这个药物能预防血小板凝聚以降低有害血凝块的形成。噻氯匹定常常是一天服用两次，但氯吡格雷是一天服用一次。

Ticlopidine should be taken with food

Clopidogrel can be taken with or without food.

It is very important that blood tests be done regularly for the first few months of treatment with Ticlopidine. The tests are needed to make sure the white cell count in the blood does not fall.

噻氯匹定应该和食物一起服用。氯吡格雷可以和食物一起或分开服用。

值得注意的一点是在服用噻氯匹定的最初几个月里要进行常规的抽血检查。这些检查是为了确保血液中的白细胞没有下降。

What should I do if I FORGET to take a dose? (

如果我漏服一次应该怎么做？)

If you miss a dose of ticlopidine / clopidogrel, take it as soon as you remember.

However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose.

如果您漏服了一次氯吡格雷或噻氯匹定，请在记起后，尽快补服。

然而，如果已经快到下一次服药时间，请不要补服药物，请重新回到您常规的服药安排中，不要服用双倍剂量。

What PRECAUTIONS should I follow while using Ticlopidine / Clopidogrel? (

我在服用氯吡格雷或噻氯匹定时应该注意什么事项？)

Tell all doctors, dentists, nurses and pharmacists you go to, that you are taking these medications.

Do not stop taking the medications for any reason without first checking with your doctor who asked you to take it.

If you are going for a surgical operation, including dental procedures, please inform your doctor

Ask your doctor whether there are certain activities you should avoid while taking these medications.

告诉您的医生、牙医、护士和药剂师您在服用阿司匹林。

在没用和让您服用阿司匹林的医生确认前，请不要以任何理由停止阿司匹林。

如果您要去手术，包括牙科手术，请告知您的医生。

请咨询您的医生是否您在服药时需要避免一些特定的活动。

Side effects of Ticlopidine /Clopidogrel

(氯吡格雷或噻氯匹定的副作用)

Check with your doctor immediately if you notice any of the following side effects: Mild diarrhoea, Mild skin rash, headache, dizziness, nausea, bloating, gas, abdominal discomfort (These are the most common side effects although there are others)

如果您注意到以下副作用：轻度腹泻、轻度皮疹、头痛、头晕、恶心、胃胀、胀气、腹部不适（虽然还有其他副作用，这些是最常见的），请立即告知您的医生。

Why is Warfarin prescribed?

Ischaemic stroke may occur because of blood clots forming in the arteries of the brain, or forming in the heart and then escaping into the arteries of the brain. Warfarin is an anticoagulant. It decreases the ability of the blood to clot. It therefore helps prevent harmful clots from forming in the blood vessels or heart. It is usually taken once a day. While in the hospital, you may be given Heparin by injection for a few days – Heparin is an oral anticoagulant that is often used while waiting for the dose of oral warfarin to be stabilised.

为什么要服用华法林？

由于大脑血管中血凝块的形成或者心脏中的血凝块流入大脑，缺血性脑中风就可能发生。华法林是一种抗凝血药，它降低了血液形成血凝块的能力。因此，它能预防血管中或心脏中有害血凝块的形成。它常常是每天服用一次。当您在医院的时候，您可能有几天会被注射肝素。肝素是一种口服抗凝血药，常常用于在等待口服华法林剂量稳定之前。

What SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS should I follow while using Warfarin?

Take only the amount of Warfarin ordered by your doctor. Do not take more or less or it, unless ordered by your doctor. This is especially important for elderly patients who are very sensitive to the effects of Warfarin.

If you are going for a surgical operation, including any dental procedures, please inform your doctor as Warfarin may need to be stopped before that procedure to prevent excessive bleeding. The medicine may be restarted by your doctor after the procedure when appropriate.

A blood test must be taken regularly to see how fast your blood is clotting. This will help your doctor decide on the correct amount of warfarin you should be taking each day. Be sure that you do not miss any appointments for these tests.

Take Warfarin at the same time each day.

在服用华法林时，我应该遵循什么特殊的事项？

请只服用医生规定的华法林剂量。不要多服或少服华法林，除非是医生的决定。这对于老年病人尤其重要，因为他们对华法林的作用很敏感。

如果您要手术（包括牙科手术），请告知您的医生，因为华法林有可能需要在手术前停用以防止过度出血。在手术之后，医生会在适当的时候重新让您服用华法林。

医生会对您进行定期的抽血检查，以监控您的血液的凝结速度。这个检查有助于医生决定您目前需要服用的华法林剂量。请务必不要忘记这些抽血检查的预约时间。

请每天在相同的时间服用华法林。

What should I do if I FORGET to take a dose?

If you miss a dose of Warfarin, take it as soon as you remember. Then go back to your regular dosing schedule.

If you do not remember until the next day, do not take the missed dose at all and do not double the next one. Doubling the dose may cause bleeding. Instead, go back to your regular dosing schedule.

To avoid mistakes, it is recommended that you keep a record of each dose as you take it.

Remember to give your doctor a record of any doses you missed as these may affect your blood test results.

如果漏服一次，我应该怎么做？

如果您漏服一次华法林，请在记起后赶紧补服一次，然后回到您之前的服药安排中。如果您在第二天才记起，请不要再补服，也不要服用双倍的剂量。服用双倍的剂量可能会导致出血。在这种情况下，请回到您之前的服药安排中。

为了避免记错，我们建议您在每次服用华法林后做一个记录。

请记住给您的医生一个您漏服华法林的记录，因为这可能会影响您抽血检查的结果。

What PRECAUTIONS should I follow while using Warfarin?

Tell all your doctors, dentists, nurses and pharmacists you go to, that you are taking warfarin.

Check with your doctor or pharmacist before you start or stop taking any other medication. This includes any non-prescription (over the counter) medications and supplements. Many medications change the way Warfarin works and therefore its dosage may need to be changed.

Avoid sports or activities that may cause you to be injured. Report to your doctor any falls, blows to your body or head, or other injuries, since serious internal bedding may happen without you knowing it.

Be careful to avoid cutting yourself. This includes taking special care in brushing your teeth and in shaving. Use a soft toothbrush and floss gently. It i best to use an electric shaver rather than a blade.

Drinking too much alcohol may change the way Warfarin works. Avoid alcohol. If you must drink, take no more than a drink at anytime /day.

Women who are pregnant or breast feeding should inform their doctor. If you become pregnant while taking Warfarin, let your doctor know without delay.

Do not change to a different brand name Warfarin product because it may have different effects.

After you have stopped taking Warfarin your body will ned time to recover before your blood clotting ability returns to normal. This may take one week or more (your pharmacist or doctor can tell you how long this will take.) Follow the same precautions during this period of time as you did while you were taking Warfarin.

在服用华法林时， 我应该注意什么事项？

请把您在服用华法林的信息告诉您的医生、牙医、护士和药剂师。

请在您开始服用或停用任何药物时，与您的医生或药剂师进行确认。这些药物包括非处方药和补品。许多药物会影响华法林的作用，因此有可能需要调整华法林的剂量。

请避免那些可能让您受伤的运动或活动。请告知您的医生如果有摔倒、头部或身体有被击打，因为在您不知道的情况下也会出现严重的内出血。

请注意不要割伤自己。这包括您在刷牙和剃须的时候也要格外小心。请使用柔软的牙刷并轻柔地用牙线清理牙齿。最好使用电动剃须刀而不是剃须刀片。

饮用太多的酒精可能会影响华法林的作用。请尽量不要饮酒。如果您一定要饮酒，请每天不要饮用多于一杯。

怀孕或是哺乳期的妇女应该告知她们的医生。如果您在服用华法林时怀孕，请及时告知您的医生。

请不要随意换成另外一个品牌的华法林，因为不同的华法林产品可能会有不同的效果。

在停用华法林以后，您的身体需要一定的时间使您的凝血功能恢复正常。这可能需要一星期或以上（您的医生或药剂师会告诉需要多少时间）。在这段时间内，您需要遵循和在服用期间相同的注意事项。

What SIDE effects can Warfarin Cause? What Can I do about them?

Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:

– Toes turn blue or purple

– Pain in the toes

– Blood in the Urine

– Cloudy or Dark Urine

– Bloody or black sticky stools

– Bruising or purplish areas on the skin

– Bleedings from gums when brushing teeth

– Coughing up blood

– Vomiting blood or material that looks like coffee grounds

– Nosebleeds

– Unusually heavy bleeding or oozing from cuts or wounds

– Unusually heavy or unexpected menstrual bleeding

– Abdominal or stomach pain or swelling

– Dizziness

– Back Pain or Backaches

华法林有什么副作用？对于副作用，我应该怎么做？

如果您有以下副作用，请立即与您的医生联系：

– 脚趾变蓝或变紫

– 脚趾疼痛

– 尿中有血

– 混浊或黑色的尿液

– 血性或黑色粘性大便

– 皮肤中出现瘀斑或青紫

– 刷牙时牙龈出血

– 咳嗽出血

– 呕血或是呕吐咖啡渣样物

– 鼻出血

– 伤口不寻常的大量出血或渗出

– 不寻常的月经大量出血

– 腹部或胃部疼痛肿胀

– 头晕

– 背部疼痛

Dipyridamole keeps blood flowing smoothly by preventing platelets from clumping together. It is usually taken 2-3 times a day. It could be taken alone or in combination with other blood thinners, such as Aspirin.

双嘧达莫通过抗血小板凝集的方式保持血液的顺畅流通。它常常是一天服用2-3次，可以单独服用，也可以和其它薄血药一起服用。

What SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS should I follow while using the medication? (

在服用这个药物的时候，我要遵循什么特殊事项吗？)

It is best taken on an empty stomach but may be taken with meals.

双嘧达莫最好是空腹服用，但也可以和食物一起服用。

What should I do if I FORGET to take a dose? (

如果我漏服一次药物，我应该怎么做？)

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. Then go back to your regular dosing schedule. If you do not remember till the next day, do not take a double dose. Instead go back to your regular dosing schedule.

如果您漏服一次药物，请在发现后尽快补服一次。然后回到您之前的服用安排中。如果您在第二天才记起，请不要服用双倍份量，请回到您之前的常规服用剂量安排。

What PRECAUTIONS should I take while using the medication? (

我在服用这个药物时有什么注意事项？)

Tell all doctors, dentists, nurses and pharmacists you go to, that you are taking these medications.

If you are going for a surgical operation, including dental procedures, please inform your doctor

告诉您的医生、牙医、护士和药剂师您在服用这个药物。

如果您要手术，包括牙科手术，请告知您的医生

What SIDE EFFECTs can it cause? What can I do about them? (

这个药物有什么副作用？对于副作用，我可以怎么做？)

Loss of appetite, nausea, diarrhoea, headache or dizziness may occur at first as your body adjusts to the medication.

Consult your doctor immediately if you do experience these effects: Dizziness, lightheadedness, headache, nausea, vomiting or stomach upset, flushing or redness in the face (These are the most common side effects although there are others).

由于最初的时候您的身体还在适应这个药物，可能会出现食欲下降、恶心、腹泻、头痛和头晕的症状。

如果您有这些副作用：头晕、眩晕、头痛、恶心、呕吐、胃部不适、面部发红（虽然还有其他副作用，这些是最常见的），请立即告知您的医生。

The food that you eat may affect the way Warfarin works. Eating a normal diet is thus important.

您的食物可能会影响华法林的作用效果。因此，正常的饮食是非常重要的。

Please do not go on a reducing diet, make changes in your eating habits, start taking vitamins, or start using other nutrition supplements unless you have first checked with your doctor or pharmacist.

除非您已经和医生或药剂师进行确认，否则请不要减少饮食、改变您的饮食习惯、开始服用维生素、或者开始服用其它补品。

These precautions are important because the effects of Warfarin depend on the amount of vitamin K in your body. It is best to have the same amount of vitamin K in your body everyday. Some multiple vitamins and home nutrition supplements contain Vitamin K. Vitamin K is also present in meats, dairy products (such as milk, cheese and yogurt) and green leafy vegetables (such as broccoli, cabbage, collard greens, kale, lettuce and spinach).

这些注意事项是重要的，因为华法林的作用依赖于您体内的维生素K含量。最好保持每天体内相同的维生素K含量。一些复合维生素和家庭营养补充剂包含维生素K。维生素K也存在于肉类、乳制品（比如牛奶、奶酪和酸奶）和绿叶蔬菜中（比如西兰花、卷心菜、绿叶甘蓝、甘蓝菜、生菜和菠菜）。

It is not necessary to avoid these foods entirely, as many of them are good for your health. However, do avoid taking more than your usual amount of such food.

因为其中很多食物有益于您的健康，所以没有必要避免所有的这些食物。但是，请不要比平时更多的摄入这些食物。

Please refer to the list below for a list of food that could interact with Warfarin and affect the levels of Warfarin in your body and the INR:

对于那些会与华法林相互作用和影响您体内华法林水平和INR的食物，请查看下面的列表：

– Cranberry

蔓越莓

– Soya

大豆

– St John’s Wort

圣约翰草

– Danshen

丹参

– Coenzyme Q10

辅酶Q10

– Chinese Angelica

当归

– Ginger

姜

– Chamomile

甘菊

– Chitosan

壳聚糖

– Cannabis

大麻

– Devil’s Claw

钩果草

– Gingko

白果

– Garlic

大蒜

– Ginseng

人参

– Grapefruit

葡萄柚

– Green tea

绿茶

– Lycium

枸杞

– Boldo

波耳多叶

– Echinacea

松果菊

– Fenugreek

胡芦巴

– Melilot

草木犀

– Parsely

香菜叶

– Pumpkin

南瓜

– Red Clover

红三叶草

– Saw Palmetto

塞润榈

(Reference: Beikang Ge, Zhen Zhang, Zhong Zuo (2014). Updates on the Clinical Evidenced Herb-Warfarin Interactions. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Volume 2014, Article ID 957362)